Moving forcasting model Essays (933 words) - Time Series Analysis

Moving forcasting model Moving forcasting model Determining Models and Types of Data In what manner can trendless information be assessed? Trendless information can be assessed by ascertaining a moving normal; this can likewise be alluded to as exponential smoothing. There are two principle sorts of moving midpoints: trailing or focused (Cooper How does a trailing-moving normal contrast with a focused moving normal? Trailing moving normal (TMA) is viewed as the most straightforward of the moving midpoints. TMA ascertains the moving normal throughout the last m time frames. The TMA smoothes the past vacillations in the time-arrangement, helping us see the example all the more unmistakably. The decision of m relies upon the circumstance (Cooper The bigger m would yield a smoother TMA however would require a greater number of information than a littler m. TMA is best viewed as a one-period-ahead estimate (Cooper With focused moving normal (CMA), the recipe looks both forward and in reverse in time, to communicate the current figure as the mean of the current perception and perceptions on either side of the current information (Cooper When n is an odd number it makes CMA simple to compute, anyway when m is even the equation computation turns out to be progressively intricate. The likeness is that both are utilized to smooth the information. A distinction is that TMA is taking a gander at forward an ideal opportunity to figure the normal and CMA looks in reverse and advances. When should exponential smoothing be utilized for information? Clarify with a model. At the point when the information is sporadic importance it is inadequate with regards to T or S or C parts, exponential smoothing is utilized to make a short run gauge. The exponential smoothing model is a unique sort of moving normal. It is utilized for progressing one-period-ahead guaging for information that has here and there developments however no steady pattern (Cooper This is a straightforward estimating model with two sources of info and one consistent. In exponential smoothing, what kind of smoothing consistent ought to be picked for small smoothing contrasted and moderate smoothing? The estimation of , called the smoothing steady, is the weight given to the most recent information (Cooper MINITAB utilizes a=.20 for the default on account of moderate smoothing. In this way if a=.50 it would be a case for small smoothing. In the event that a=.20 moderate smoothing would be the situation. Exploration Process What are the six phases in an examination procedure? Explaining the exploration question-A valuable method to move toward the examination procedure is to express the fundamental problem that prompts the exploration and afterward attempt to create different inquiries by continuously separating the first inquiry into increasingly explicit ones (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.81). Proposing research-Without budgetary endorsement, many exploration endeavors are ended for absence of assets (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.85). Planning the examination venture The exploration configuration is the outline for satisfying targets and responding to questions. Choosing a structure might be muddled by the accessibility of a huge assortment of strategies, methods, techniques, conventions, and testing plans (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.88). Information assortment and readiness The social event of information may run from a basic perception at one area to an affected study of global companies at locales in various pieces of the world. The strategy chose will to a great extent decide how the information are gathered (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.90). Information examination and translation Managers need data, not crude information. Specialists create data by breaking down information after its assortment (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.90). Detailing the outcomes It is important to set up a report and transmit the discoveries and suggestions to the director for the planned reason for dynamic (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.91). Which stage is the most hard to finish? Why? Which stage is the most significant? Why? Subsequent to perusing the content about the exploration procedure, I for one feel that stage 3, structuring the examination venture is the most troublesome of the 6 phases. This is on the grounds that there are such a significant number of choices to be made during this progression. Also this is the primary arranging phase of the task. Choosing a structure might be convoluted by the accessibility of a huge assortment of strategies, methods, methodology, conventions, and examining plans (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p. 88).

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Test-Optional Colleges Complete List of 500+ Schools

Test-Optional Colleges Complete List of 500+ Schools SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT and ACT scores are normal affirmation necessities for school. However, imagine a scenario where I disclosed to you that you could get into an incredible school without taking both of these tests. View test-discretionary universities. Schools that are test discretionary don't expect you to submit SAT or ACT scoresbut will think about them whenever submitted. In this guide, we’ll clarify what test discretionary signifies for various schools before furnishing you with an exhaustive rundown of test-discretionary universities and colleges in the US. The initial two records will cover the best test-discretionary schools and colleges (i.e., those positioned in the main 100), and the last rundown will incorporate all other test-discretionary universities in the nation. En route, we'll additionally give you a couple of key tips on when you ought to and ought not send your SAT/ACT test scores to schools. What Does Test Optional Mean? First of all, what precisely are test-discretionary universities? At its most fundamental definition, test discretionary methods thatyou don't have to submit SAT or ACT scores to be considered for admission to a specific school. So while you may submit test scores on the off chance that you need, you are not really required to do as such. Universities that are test discretionary de-underline the significance of the SAT and ACT by making the tests a pointless segment of the confirmation procedure. So ifyou took the SAT or ACT however didn’t score as profoundly as you'd trusted you would, you can apply to test-discretionary schools so as to abstain from sending in any unacceptable grades that might hurt your application. All through this article, we allude to a school as being test discretionary if itdoes not inside and out require SAT or ACT scores from all undergrad candidates. All things considered, not all schools and colleges keep up similar arrangements with respect to their treatment of government sanctioned grades. Underneath, we take a gander at a portion of the ways test discretionary takes on new implications at various schools. Test Optional Genuinely test-discretionary schools are actually as they sound: you conclude whether you'd prefer to present your SAT/ACT test scores or not.In different words, you get the opportunity to decide how you need to introduce yourself to schools. For instance, in the event that you feel your SAT scores are disappointing, you may decide to withholdyour scores and rather choose reinforcing different pieces of your application, for example, your own announcement and resume. Well known test-discretionary schools and colleges incorporate Bowdoin College, Pitzer College, Wake Forest University, and Brandeis University. Test Flexible Test-adaptable schools are somewhat not quite the same as ordinary test-discretionary universities. At these schools, you may submitother test scores instead of SAT/ACT scores. Worthy scores will fluctuate contingent upon the foundation, yet you can for the most part satisfy the SAT/ACT necessity by submitting scores from SAT Subject Tests, AP tests, IB tests, and additionally school-regulated situation tests. Eminent test-adaptable schools incorporate NYU, Middlebury College, Drexel University, and the University of Rochester. Class Rank/GPA Substitution At certain schools, you may forego sending in your SAT/ACT scoresonly on the off chance that you meet your school's base required GPA or class rank. On the off chance that you meet these prerequisites, you will be naturally conceded. In the event that you don't meet these base necessities, be that as it may, you should then apply as you typically would and present your SAT/ACT scores with your application. Explicit prerequisites shift, however you'll normally require at any rate a positioning in the top 10% or a 3.5 unweighted GPA. Notable schools offering a class rank/GPA replacement strategy incorporate UT Austin, Texas AM, andWashington State University. Test Blind The last kind of test-discretionary school is a test-daze school. With this policy,SAT/ACT test scores arenotconsidered during the affirmation procedure, regardless of whether you remember them for your application. Right now, just one school-Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts-has this arrangement. Here's whatHampshire's authentic websitesays with respect to its one of a kind position on test scores: Not at all like 'test-discretionary' organizations, we won't think about SAT/ACT scores paying little mind to the score. Regardless of whether it’s an ideal score, it won't weigh into our appraisal of a candidate. These are the four primary kinds of test-discretionary strategies you’ll find in schools around the US. Presently, how about we investigate which top-level schools by and by have test-discretionary approaches. Best Test-Optional Colleges and Universities Despite the fact that by far most of top-level schools require SAT/ACT scores, a strong bunch of them-from famous human sciences schools to notable research colleges are test discretionary. The following are two records: the first showsall top-level test-discretionary aesthetic sciences schools, and the second containsall top-level test-discretionary research universities.Note that top level demonstrates any school positioned in the main 100 spots broadly (as per the 2019best national human sciences schools and best national colleges records inUS News). We urge you to skim the rundowns to see whether there are any schools that may intrigue you. Each test-discretionary universities list is organized sequentially, and you can utilize the ctrl + F capacity to search for explicit schools. Recollect that since schools' test-discretionary arrangements can change fundamentally, it's a smart thought to check with schools straightforwardly to get familiar with their individual SAT/ACT score approaches. The passageway to Pitzer College. (CampusGrotto/Flickr) Best Test-Optional Liberal Arts Colleges As of late, an ever increasing number of aesthetic sciences schools are starting to put less accentuation on SAT/ACT test scores. Accordingly, many top-level human sciences schools don't require government sanctioned grades for confirmation. Agnes Scott College (GA) Lawrence University (WI) Allegheny College (PA) Lewis and Clark College (OR) Augustana College (IL) Middlebury College (Test Flexible) (VT) Minstrel College (NY) Mount Holyoke College (MA) Bates College (ME) Muhlenberg College (PA) Beloit College (WI) Ohio Wesleyan University (OH) Bennington College (VT) Pitzer College (CA) Bowdoin College (ME) Holy person Mary's College (IN) Bryn Mawr College (PA) Sarah Lawrence College (NY) Colby College (Test Flexible) (ME) Sewanee - University of the South (TN) School of the Atlantic (ME) Skidmore College (NY) School of the Holy Cross (MA) Smith College (MA) Colorado College (Test Flexible) (CO) St. John’s College (MD) Connecticut College (CT) St. John’s College (NM) Cornell College (IA) St. Lawrence University (NY) Denison University (OH) Transylvania University (KY) Dickinson College (PA) Trinity College (CT) Earlham College (IN) Association College (NY) Franklin and Marshall College (PA) College of Puget Sound (WA) Furman University (SC) Ursinus College (PA) Gettysburg College (PA) Wesleyan University (CT) Gustavus Adolphus College (MN) Wheaton College (MA) Hamilton College (Test Flexible) (NY) Whitman College (WA) Hobart and William Smith Colleges (NY) Willamette University (OR) Kalamazoo College (MI) Wofford College (SC) Knox College (IL) Sources: FairTest,The Washington Post Texas Memorial Stadium at UT Austin. (Wes Browning/Flickr) Best Test-Optional Research Universities Albeit most research colleges require SAT/ACT scores, the accompanying top-positioned colleges don't require them by any means. Five of the schools on this rundown Wake Forest, Rochester, Brandeis, NYU, and UChicago-are additionally positioned among the main 40 colleges across the nation! American University (DC) College of Chicago (IL) Brandeis University (MA) College of Delaware (DE) Clark University (MA) College of Rochester (Test Flexible) (NY) George Washington University (DC) College of Texas at Austin (Top 8%) (TX) New York University (Test Flexible) (NY) Wake Forest University (NC) Texas AM University - College Station (Top 10%) (TX) Worcester Polytechnic Institute (MA) Sources:FairTest,The Washington Post Would it be a good idea for you to Submit Test Scores to Test-Optional Colleges? On the off chance that you’re applying to outstanding amongst other test-discretionary schools or colleges recorded above, you may be pondering whether you ought to present your SAT/ACT test scores or not. What's more, the response to this inquiry relies upon a couple of key elements, which we clarify underneath. Present Your SAT/ACT Scores If †¦ You got a high SAT/ACT score. On the off chance that you came to (or outperformed) your objective score and are well over your school’s normal, presenting your grades will surrender you a leg in the confirmation procedure by further underlining your scholarly potential. Your school suggests submitting them. Regardless of whether the SAT/ACT is discretionary for a school, a few schools still unequivocally propose sending them in. In these cases, it’s normally best to simply tune in to your schools and present your grades at any rate. You didn’t step through any SAT Subject Examinations, AP tests, or IB tests (or, then again, didn’t excel on any of them). Test-adaptable schools permit you to submit other grades instead of SAT/ACT scores. In any case, on the off chance that you didn’t step through some other examinations or didn’t do just as you'd needed to on them, feel free to present your (ideally better) SAT/ACT scores. Try not to Submit Your SAT/ACT Scores If †¦ You got a low SAT/ACT score. On the off chance that you neglected to hit your objective score on test day, withholdyour scores and rather center around fortifying other key pieces of your school applications. Thusly, your SAT/A

Food Van Business Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Food Van Business Plan - Case Study Example Our lord gourmet specialist group will supervise the entire procedure and guarantee that the wellbeing guidelines have followed. Our nourishments will improve the prosperity of our clients and henceforth our food will be set up to have that as a primary concern (Myrick 2012, p.23). Our flame broiled chicken is set up in an advantageous manner utilizing new fixings. Each serving includes a thrilling taste that is engaging the clients. Our fish and veggies are pre-whitened and cleanly arranged and fixed in a manner that is speaking to the clients. The veggies are being slashed and pressed newly to guarantee that their characteristic tastes are kept up. All requesting, loading and quality controls are overseen by on an in-house PC based framework empowering use examples to be observed keeping up requesting productivity and limiting wastage. Our clients can have their requests conveyed at their goal inside the grounds. The business is a benefit making association will target guaranteeing that the creation cost is lower than the deals. Toward the start of every day, the van will show up at the help kitchen where the nourishments will be stacked with the day’s dinners. This will guarantee that the flexibly of requested food is consistent and no burdens are experienced. Advancement of our items will be at offering blessings and dying down costs on specific days. These endeavors will keep up client reliability and guarantee that clients have trust in the sorts of nourishments we offer.â

Mun,delegate of australia Free Essays

The agent of Australia Is exceptionally eager to work together with delegates and take an interest In this lofty meeting. Today our designation Is here to talk about two of the most exasperating issues on the planet. It is an incredible worry to our kin, and we are certain that it is an extraordinary worry to the whole world too. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mun,delegate of australia or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now The house is here to right off the bat examine the Rebuilding South Sedan’s Economy, following its Recent Independence and Ongoing Conflict with Sudan. As another country, South Sudan is fabricating some of TTS establishments from the very beginning, with center managerial structures and systems of political portrayal starting to develop. The Government Is as yet attempting to offer essential types of assistance for most of the populace. Since the nation autonomy in July 201 1, high swelling has been influencing the economy, which remains moderately lacking. Besides, the HIVE infection, most generally known as AIDS. AS every one of you know, Eliminating Stigma and Discrimination Against those Infected with HIVE/. They tend also experiences a colossal absence of slat care, which quickens the population’s demise rate. The HEADWINDS is influencing 1. 1 million individuals in the country,therefore they are driven away from their homes and are left In neediness. CLC. Because of Its history of such huge numbers of common wars, illnesses and demise rates are continually expanding in The broad demolition of homes and medical clinics has left youngsters without families and numerous individuals with afflictions and wounds. On account of the nation neediness, state wellbeing offices offer no treatment for HIVE/AIDS other than willful tests and chamber. The HEADWINDS infection goes about as a huge brake on the financial development and improvement of the nation, since the individuals influenced are driven away from their Jobs. Thus we encourage all agents of the house to cast a ballot for our goals. TLS agent of Australia wishes to contribute and work together with different representatives to tackle these earnest issues. Much obliged to you for your consideration Topic 1: following quite a while of merciless common war that left more than two million dead, the crushed and incomprehensibly immature southern piece of Sudan made sure about Its Independence In 011. The world’s most youthful nation appeared in the midst of incredible difficulties. Withdrawal from Sudan denoted a significant achievement and open door for South Sudanese, however the incipient state has stayed delicate. During its first long periods of autonomy, an oil stalemate with neighboring Sudan, between common brutality, determined uprisings by splinter state army gatherings, progressively compelled political space, debasement, and restricted financial open doors grieved the youthful country. At that point, In 2013. Force battle inside the decision ideological group transformed Into an outfitted clash, first in the city of the capital city, and afterward the nation over. South Sedan’s most recent war has executed thousands and uprooted right around one million individuals. Albeit an end of threats understanding has since been marked, it isn't being implemented. As South Sudanese try to push ahead, they need to fabricate stable comprehensive national discourse p rocess, security area change, and genuine responsibility measures are expected to address the underlying drivers of South Sedan’s savagery. Something else, the proceeded with savagery raises the ghost of further monstrosity violations, and ungenerous destabilize ramifications for the area. Industry and foundation in landlocked South Sudan stay restricted, forcing restrictive expenses on the acquisition and conveyance of alleviation things and other operational exercises. Occasional downpours and yearly flooding render enormous pieces of the nation distant by street among June and November. Between ethnic clashes proceed in different pieces of the nation, causing inner and cross-outskirt uprooting. In Jingle, more than 132,000 were dislodged by August 2013. The pace of displaced person deluges from Sudan stays significant, with right around 6,700 people enlisted among January and August 2013 in Unity and Upper Nile states. The South Sudanese specialists keep on giving security and wellbeing to more than 234,000 displaced people in the nation and have designated land for two new exile camps in Unity and Upper Nile States. Following the production of the Commission for Refugee Affairs in mid 2013, the specialists set up a standard nearness in the displaced person facilitating regions, guaranteeing powerful coordination with helpful entertainers on the ground. In a recently autonomous country, portions of the populace stay in danger of coming stateless by goodness of being of blended Sudanese-South Sudanese parentage, starting from outskirt regions, or having dwelled in Sudan for an all-encompassing timeframe. Subject 2 entertainers that add to Wealds-related disgrace include: HIVE/AIDS is a hazardous ailment, and consequently individuals respond to it in solid manners. HIVE contamination is related with practices, (for example, homosexuality, chronic drug use, prostitution or indiscrimination) that are as of now deride in numerous social orders. The vast majority become tainted with HIVE through sex, which regularly conveys moral things. There is a great deal of mistaken data about how HIVE is transmitted, making nonsensical conduct and misguided judgments of individual hazard. HIVE contamination is frequently thought to be the consequence of individual flightiness. Strict or moral convictions lead a few people to accept that being contaminated with HIVE is the aftereffect of good shortcoming, (for example, indiscrimination or ‘deviant sex’) that has the right to be rebuffed. The impacts of intervocalic treatment on people’s physical appearance can bring about constrained revelation and segregation dependent on appearance Instructions to refer to Mun,delegate of australia, Papers

Essay Topics

Essay TopicsMany people will look for English General Essay topics that they can use to satisfy the criteria for a writing assignment. However, because of the number of things that an essay should cover, you might be wondering how do you choose the perfect topics.The best way to find the right general essay topics is to follow your own instincts. The basic rules are to give enough attention to the points that you want to make, but not to try to tackle too many topics at once. Some people like to organize their essay topics, some like to think in abstract terms, and others prefer to stick to their own individual opinions.The best way to figure out the general essay topics that suit you the best is to take a step back and really think about what you want to say. Next, figure out what it is that you want to talk about. Finally, ask yourself if you have studied or researched the topic to see if there are already resources that will help you in your essay.When you choose the topics for yo ur English General Essay, you may also want to think about whether you want to deal with actual events, such as war, public speaking, a big public speaking experience, or another aspect of life you've had to deal with, or the topic of religion. If you're looking to use the topic of religion, you might want to think about anything from an experience at church to anything you've read about religious people and their lives. You might want to include topics like your own personal experiences.When choosing general essay topics, you might also want to think about whether you want to talk about your beliefs, past or present. If you're looking to talk about your beliefs, then consider topics like your childhood or church, for example. This type of essay has specific guidelines you need to follow when researching and writing your topic.When writing general essay topics, you may also want to consider whether you're writing to impress someone else or yourself. If you have a question to ask you rself, whether it's about your life, your opinions, or some other topic, then writing about that topic may be appropriate. However, if you're just thinking about whether you should say something to impress someone else, writing about something you'd like to say is generally not a good idea.When choosing your English General Essay topics, you might also want to think about what would really be helpful to read about. If you're studying something, you might want to include things about your study, a review of a book you've read, or even just the reviews of other students' work. When writing about what you read, you might also want to think about whether you would want to re-read certain sections to better understand it.English General Essay topics can vary depending on your interests, your personality, and your research. If you want to learn more about these topics, and to get tips for writing about them, you might want to check out College Essay Tips. This site includes tips on writin g, researching, and choosing topic topics.

Defense Mechanisms in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest - Literature Essay Samples

Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, mainly takes place in an Oregon psychiatric hospital ward controlled by Nurse Ratched according to a precise schedule and strict rules. The narrator, Chief Bromden, describes many patients in this ward, all of which have different problems and reasons for being there. Among the characteristics of the patients, each person has a unique defense mechanism, which they used to shield themselves from their problems in outside society. Each individuals way of protection can be viewed as intentional or subconscious. Three characters that play an important role in this story, Chief Bromden, Dale Harding, and Billy Bibbit, each make their defense mechanisms apparent while they are in the ward. At many points in the story, Chief Bromden tells the reader that the ward is fogged to some extent. Chief, a paranoid schizophrenic patient, believes that his hallucinations of the clouded ward are real, and doesnt understand how something that he can see might be in his imagination. According to Chief, the fog is created by a machine and clouds the ward by coming in through the vents. We learn from Bromden that the images of fog that he generates originate from his days in the army during WWII. Machines similar to the one that is supposedly kept in the ward had been used while Chief was in Europe to produce a fog over Allied airfields so that German bombers would have trouble seeing their targets. The comparison is made that Chiefs fog shields him from reality, as it had shielded him from enemies and danger during the war. Chief recognizes that if he stays still and keeps quiet when the ward is fogged, he can be protected from the outside world, which has treated him cruelly in the past. This is evident when McMurphy is admitted into the ward, and begins to demand reforms and changes within the Big Nurses schedule and rules. At this point, Chief is disturbed by the thought of reality, and describes the fog as being thicker. The last few days they been doing it more and more. Its my idea theyre doing it on account of McMurphy (118), says Chief. As Chief becomes more comfortable with McMurphys presence, the thickness of the fog and the frequency at which it appears decreases. We see this in the chapter after McMurphy has rallied the men to watch the blank TV set during the World Series, we let McMurphy lure us out of the fog (130), says Chief. Finally, when McMurphy has helped Chief regain his confidence and return to his old size, Chief knows that he no longer needs to be protected from outside society, and the fog leaves him for good. Dale Harding, another patient who plays an important role in this story, uses his intellect as a defense mechanism. When McMurphy enters the ward, Chief describes the conversation between Harding and McMurphy, in which Harding provides some important information about the ward and its patients. By this conversation, and the fact that Harding is the president of the Patients Counsel, we learn that Harding takes leadership among the other patients. The reader soon learns that Harding cannot take such leadership outside of the ward, where his dominating wife, Vera, leads him to believe that he is incompetent. He is troubled and confused with other men taking interest in his wife, who responds to the men with the same attitude that they show her. Harding needs the ward, and voluntarily resides there because he is aware of his lack of leadership and control living with his wife in the outside world. When Vera comes to the ward to visit Harding, they immediately begin to act bitter towards each other and put one another down. While they exchange words, Harding shows that Vera degrades him and makes him feel incompetent by telling McMurphy, You dont have to apologize for my inadequacies, my friend (159). Thanks to McMurphys inspiration, Harding checks out of the ward on his own late in the book, just as he had planned. I want my wife to be he re in a car at a certain time to pick me up. I want them to know I was able to do it that way (257), says Harding when he is sure that he has overcome what had been keeping him inside the ward.When Billy Bibbit is described speaking to someone, it is obvious that he cannot form a sentence without stuttering. Although Billy cannot help speaking with a stutter, this speech impediment serves as his defense mechanism. This problem allows Billy to voluntarily check into the ward, where he is not forced to interact with other people in normal society. Coming into the ward has been good for Billy, who was having problems with functioning in normal social situations, and possessed little to no self-confidence. Billy is able to express his desire for a normal life, and his belief that he is unable to achieve one when he says, You think I wuh-wuh-wuh-want to stay in here? You think I wouldnt like a con-con-vertible and a guh-guh-girl friend? But did you ever have people l-l-laughing at y ou? (168). The reader can soon trace Bibbits problem back to his overbearing mother, and the way that she has treated him throughout his whole life. We see the extent to which Billy is affected by his mothers childlike treatment when Chief tells a story of Billys mother taking her son by the hand and bringing him outside on the grass, where he lay next to her with his head on her lap. Chief says that when Billy mentioned he would like to go to college and get a wife someday, his mother simply laughed at such foolishness (247). Chief tells the reader that a moment like this involving Billys mother embarrassed the rest of us as much as it did Billy (246). After Billy has sex with Candy, he gains confidence, and speaks clearly without stuttering. His stutter quickly returns though, at the very mention of Nurse Ratched calling his mother to tell her what Billy has done. Billy becomes frantic, and is so afraid of his mothers disapproval that he kills himself by slitting his throat with an instrument from the doctors desk. At that point it had become obvious that the ward would no longer protect him from his mother, from whom he had come there to escape. Patients in the ward are shielded from the outside world and society in different ways. While Bromden has hallucinations of the fogged ward, Harding uses his intellect and Billy Bibbit speaks with a stutter. By the time Chief has escaped the ward, it is not necessary for any of these characters to continue to protect themselves with their defense mechanisms. Bromden and Harding are both able to return to normal society by the end of the story, and no longer worry about life in the outside world as they did before McMurphy arrived at the ward.

Jane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte - 1379 Words

Belonging, equality, and society verses self are all common ideas in the media. These themes will always be present in the world because humans are always searching for self-actualization, to be treated as equal or better, and to keep self-morals despite pressuring societies. The novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte BrontÃ'‘ explores these themes. Authors tend to write what they know and these themes can reflect how BrontÃ'‘ viewed the world around her. Charlotte BrontÃ'‘ uses Jane Eyre to explore 19th century feminism, sense of belonging and family, and how to keep individual morals when society does not favor those morals. Jane is a woman searching for where she belongs. In the exposition of the novel it is revealed that Jane has no knowledge of her†¦show more content†¦Rochester. This sense of belonging fades as well when Mr. Rochester’s true wife is revealed, and Jane once again has to move on. In moving on Jane’s family relations on her father’s side are discovered in the new friends she makes. Knowing that she has family that actually care about her causes her soul to feel at peace. â€Å"It seemed I had found a brother: one I could be proud of, - one I could love; and two sisters, whose qualities were such, that, when I knew them but as mere strangers, they had inspired me with genuine affection and admiration,† (338). The only thing missing in her view of the perfect family and belonging is Mr. Rochester, who she marries at the end of the novel. Her cousins still visit, she helps look after Adela and eventually has children of her own. Jane, while wanting to belong, still wants equality and respect. This theme presents itself while Ms. Eyre searches for where she belongs. Many times she believes she finds where and who she belongs with as a family only for her independent and passionate nature to cause problems. When Bertha, Mr. Rochester’s wife, is discovered, it is Jane, who refuses to keep her relationship with Mr. Rochester because she will not allow herself to be someone’s mistress. Jane refuses to belittle herself to the emotional and societal status of a mistress to appease the man she loves. Jane herself states that, â€Å"’I am no bird; and no net ensnares me; I amShow MoreRelatedJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1601 Words   |  7 Pagesfeminist, one must see it through the lens of the time and place Brontà « wrote it. Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre was a feminist work in that Bronte expressed disdain for oppressive gender structures through the voice of Jane Eyre, and the acti ons of Bertha Mason. Jane Eyre was a steamy novel for its time, with imagery as blatantly concealed as Jane’s description of Rochester’s hand as being â€Å"rounded, muscular; and vigorous†¦long, strong†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Brontà « 312) A modern reader might blush at the description and itsRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1437 Words   |  6 Pagestools that depict history. One great work of art that portrays these constant struggles is Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà «. While addressing social issues of a governess, Brontà « also tackles Victorian society’s corrupt and unjust ideals by using different settings and characters such as Mr. Rochester and Gateshead Manor. In Jane Eyre, the depiction of a rigid social class restricts the protagonist, Jane Eyre, from marrying her love, Mr. Rochester. Sadly, Jane’s relationship is also jeopardized by passionRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1374 Words   |  6 PagesJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Within the specter of the Gothic fictions arises the atmosphere of gloom, terror, and mystery with some elements of uncanny challenging reality. One major characteristic function of the Gothic fictions is to open the fiction to the realm of the irrational and perverse narratives, obsessions, and nightmarish terrors that hide beneath the literally civilized mindset in order to demonstrate the presence of the uncanny existing in the world known rationally through experienceRead MoreJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte781 Words   |  3 PagesThrough her trials and tribulations, Charlotte Bronte has kept her passion for poetry alive and remains as one of the most influential British poets of all times. Even though she is one of the most famous female writers of all times, she is mostly famous for her most popular novel Jane Eyre. Charlotte Bronte has experienced more tragedy in her life than happiness by losing her mother and all five of her siblings. But, in her moments of tragedy, she expre ssed her feelings through poetry. As a resultRead MoreJane Eyre, By Charlotte Bronte949 Words   |  4 PagesSurrounded by witnesses, Jane stands in front of the minister, poised to take her marital vows as the mystery of Thornfield unravels. Unbeknownst to her, Rochester’s actual wife, Bertha Mason, is within close proximity.The knowledge of Bertha, and the mystery, will pose as a test to Jane s morals and her character. Through Jane Eyre, a powerful Victorian-era novel, Charlotte Bronte portrays the role of women in Victorian society while masterfully solidifying Jane’s role as its polar opposite: anRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1714 Words   |  7 Pages Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brà ¶nte voiced the radical opinions of Brà ¶nte on religion, gender, and social class. Jane Eyre, a young orphan who lived with her vituperative aunt and cousins, strayed away from the Victorian ideals of a woman and established a new status for herself. Jane Eyre was originally written in 1827 and was heavily influenced by the late gothic literature of the 19th century. Gothic literary aspects such as supernatural occurrences, mysteries and dark secrets, madness and dangerRead MoreJane Eyre, By Charlotte Bronte1620 Words   |  7 PagesIt is often said that it is the role of literature to challenge and confront the conventional values of a society. In the novel, Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte the idea of challenging and confronting conventional values is stressed often. Perhaps it is in relation to the author herself, as seen in the autobiographical elements recognizable throughout the novel. 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The book challenges how the language of middle-class love affects the way a character’s self-identity can alter the action, how Jane sees herself later when she found love and sense of belonging as independent women. When Jane was a child she struggles to find her own identity Jane begins to change through her journey once she realizes her own identity and this helpsRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1359 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing the ex periences of Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte, expresses many elements of gothic literature throughout her novel Jane Eyre. In her perfect understanding of gothic literature, she expresses the three types of evil commonly found in gothic literature, including the evil of the supernatural, the evil within or the instinctual evil motives of humans, and lastly, the evil because of societal influence. Jane Eyre experiences all of these three evils with her aunt and three cousins with her residency

Nike Report On Nike s Sports - 847 Words

Nike released a commercial in 2015 featuring over 20 professional athletes both men and women from various sports who all come together to play a game of tackle football. The setting takes place in the snowy outdoors in a neighborhood scene, with all the athletes making comical and appealing entrances; jumping through windows, cars and snow as they all come together and head for the open field. The simplistic audio of each athlete saying the words â€Å"snow day† connects with a younger audience, giving them the relatable and nostalgic feeling that we all know and have experienced. Nike utilized this commercial to kick-start their â€Å"Get Out Here† campaign which was simultaneously launched. The goal: inspire people to be active despite the cold weather, also providing a perfect solution of their winter â€Å"Hyperwarm† gear to help them do so. Nike was smart in diversifying the cast, both gender and race throughout the commercial so they would appeal to a lar ger population. These famous athletes wearing Nike’s winter gear were used effectively in inspiring viewers both to get out and be active and purchase these new athletic products. The use of iconic figures in any commercial has proven to be beneficial. Over 20 professional athletes from various sports are utilized to model Nike’s new apparel. These diverse athletes are able to capture the attention of a large population. A good call by Nike as viewers are more apt to purchase the product if they see their favourite sport icons inShow MoreRelatedA Research Report On Nike1612 Words   |  7 Pagesleading brand Nike. Firms undertake a situational analysis and planning process to identify and justify appropriate marketing opportunities for growth. This report provides an introduction to Nike with a background to the Company, its history and its product. This report also provides background data on the market, the product in more depth, its competition, the industry and the macro environment. 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Therefore, Nike must â€Å"respond to trends and shifts in consumer preferences by adjusting the mix of existing product offerings, developing new products, styles and categories, and influencing sports and fitness preferences through aggressive marketing†. In fiscalRead MoreCapital Structure1215 Words   |  5 PagesInformation My company choice is Nike Inc. (Nike), a multinational sports footwear, equipment and apparel manufacturing company based in Oregon, United States. This puts Nike in the apparel industry. In 2010, Forbes rated Nike as the top sports business with a total value of $10.7 billion. The most effective marketing strategy Nike employ is the sponsorship agreements they have with numerous top athletes in a variety of sports. Operating Risks of Nike When Nike was initially started out, theRead MoreNike vs Adidas1379 Words   |  6 Pages1. Visit minimum 5 retailers of NIKE/ADIDAS and prepare a brief summary report of: a) Typical customer profile/demographic profile of the products of NIKE/ADIDAS shoes. b) Acceptance levels of the 2 brands in the consumers of your city. c) Consumer feedback for improvement, if any, of NIKE/ADIDAS. Ans: The Finally report After visit of Six Outlets of Nike Adidas: Introduction: As we know that both the brands NIKE and ADIDAS are having a very good reputed brandsRead MoreNike vs Adidas1039 Words   |  5 PagesNike, Inc. (IPA: / naÉ ªki/) (NYSE: NKE) is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. The company is headquartered in Beaverton, near the Portland metropolitan area of Oregon. It is the world s leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment with revenue in excess of $18.6 billion USD in its fiscal year 2008 (ending May 31, 2008). As of 2008, it employed more than 30,000 people worldwide. Nike and Precision CastpartsRead MoreNikes Athletic Footwear Products1659 Words   |  7 PagesNike was founded in 1964 and is headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon. It is the world’s largest supplier of athletic apparel and sports equipment, worth over 105 billion dollars. Nike sells its products to retail accounts, through Nike-owned retail stores and Internet Websites through a mix of independent distributors and licensees throughout the world. Independent contractors manufacture all of Nike’s products; including all of its footwear and apparel products, which are produced outside the UnitedRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Nike1312 Words   |  6 Pagesofficial website, they define their â€Å"Nike Responsibility† as: â€Å"Explore. Innovate. Scale. Collaborate. These themes define our sustainability journey, one that considers impacts across our value chain including labor, environment and communities. We ve been on this journey long enough to know that real change – long-term, lasting change – will only be possible by taking new paths and making breakthroughs.† (â€Å"Sustainable Business Report,† n.d.) Indeed, since the 1990’s Nike has made several strides towardRead MoreCompetitive Analysis Of Nike Vs. Nike1497 Words   |  6 Pagescompetitors to Nike are Adid as, Reebok, Under Armor and Puma and the minor competitors are ASICS and VANS. In accordance with Porter’s 5 Forces, Nike has faced competition by using different and distinct capabilities in marketing. One attribute to such capability is its value or benefit offered to its customers. The intensity of competition from its competitors is high for each firm competes in various key areas of business. For example, Adidas has loyal customers who are soccer players, while Nike has highRead MoreLeaders of the Sports World: Nike1369 Words   |  6 PagesLeaders of the Sports World Andrea M. Delvalle Etido Akpan Bus. 508 Strayer University Nike is the leader in sportswear and sporting equipment. It is a public company /major retail that was founded on January 25, 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports. The company was headquartered in Oregon. It was founded by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight. Philip Knight was a track athlete at the University of Oregon and his track coach, Bill Bowerman, helped him launch his idea. The company’s mission was to bring

Advertisements For Anti Anxiety Medication - 950 Words

After the attack on the world trade center, anxiety was very much a thing in New York City. As advertisements for anti-anxiety medication began to pop up on the streets and television networks, notice was taken. Direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertisements have the ability to encourage people to seek medical attention for conditions/symptoms that could otherwise go unnoticed (Mintzes 908). In an area so stricken by anxiety such as a traumatic event, symptoms may very easily go unnoticed, as they are in the majority of the population. Advertisements that target the public and explain the symptoms and reasons behind these feelings, once again have the ability to educate consumers. An educated consumer is more likely to speak to their doctor about a condition or a medication. The proponents of direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertisements focus largely on educating the consumer and patient-provider communication. There is a significant correlation between an increase in direct-to -consumer pharmaceutical advertisements and an increase in prescriptions. The critics who are opposed to direct-to-pharmaceutical advertisements suggest that more advertising leads to more requests and more prescriptions of certain medications. They also claim that the publications of such advertisements may eventually blur the distinction between patient and consumer if we are not careful. Physicians have reported that most patients who are knowledgeable on a DTC advertised pharmaceuticalShow MoreRelatedSocial Forces That Influence Healthcare Today868 Words   |  4 Pages An issue that has increased and influenced medicine and pharmacology is mental health illness. Previously our society was not aware of mental health illness as they are now and the pharmaceutical industry is booming in providing medication for illnesses such as anxiety and depression including many more. Another impact on medicine and pharmaceuticals is obesity in our country and the measures being taken to redu ce weight and transfer to a healthier lifestyle. As the fight to legalize marijuana continuesRead MoreReasons For Tobacco Companies Success1160 Words   |  5 PagesProf. Johnson 12/1/14 Reasons for Tobacco Companies’ Success: Anxiety It is in our human nature to keep ones self out of danger. Having anxiety or an anxious moment can be rather useful in guiding the decisions we make. In a rather unfortunate case, anxiety does not wait for all dangerous moments. Anxiety can persist in situations where there is no need to be anxious over. Although cigarettes may have the symptoms of reducing anxiety levels, cigarettes end up causing more harm than good and shouldRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On The Quality Of Life2129 Words   |  9 Pagespatient and the general public. With the generally negative stigma surrounding the disease, it is reasonable to infer that patients live down to the diagnosis and the expectations that have been set by society. Ethically speaking, the prescription of medication raises the false hope of treatment and the fact that, regardless of the presence of the sickness, the diagnosis from a mental health specialist contributes to self-affirmation and digs a deeper mental hole than the re previously was. In summary,Read More Kava-Kava: A Possible Solution for Stress and Anxiety Essay3447 Words   |  14 PagesThroughout life, we each experience the anxiety of the unknown and the inevitable stress of our responsibilities combined with our limited supply of time. New technology, a strong economy, and increased competitiveness for jobs in the work force seem to usher in increased stress and anxiety. Although many dismiss this as a natural part of life, the health arena asserts the detrimental side effects of continual stress upon one’s body. In fact, experts attribute almost 60 percent of doctor visitsRead MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression1522 Words   |  7 Pagesof Depression in Japan† is an example where differences in consciousness are negative. In Watters’ story, while the Western conception of depression is a severe feeling of sadness and anxiety, the Japanese citizens see depression as a simple disease that does not require much attent ion. They refuse to take medication or ask a doctor. It is often necessary to alter a person’s consciousness in order to direct him/her down the right path and keep him/her from making regrettable decisions. However,Read MoreBoth Physicians And Patients Rely On The Pharmaceutical1694 Words   |  7 PagesBoth physicians and patients rely on the Pharmaceutical industry to adequately provide medication to address public health concerns ranging from depression to obesity, to name a few. An increased reliance on medication leads to the creation of one of the largest and most profitable pharmaceutical corporations to exist across the world. However, because pharmaceutical companies profit from the drugs they sell, they have incentives to influence the public into buying the drugs they produce; the mainRead More The Relationship Between War and Man1600 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinct from that of proceeding wars to come. Citizens were excited, families were proud to know that their sons were enlisted and patriotism and brotherhood we re alive and well. Young men were very much encouraged to join the war effort and advertisements soliciting the call to arms were seen in a positive light. Enlistment was something expected of these young men, they wouldn’t dare be the ones to be â€Å"ostracized† or called â€Å"coward† . With no way around the Great War many did indeed join theRead MoreTeenage Prescription Drug Abuse Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pages theantidrug). Furthermore, because prescriptions drugs are prescribed by doctors they are less likely to be seen as deleterious to teens’ health. A lack of awareness of the problem on the part of teens, parents and society in general, the over-medication of America, and the greater stresses and pressures put upon teens in the modern world have all conspired to create the growing problem of prescription drug abuse by teens. â€Å"The behavior, drug abuse prevention experts say, is notably differentRead MoreTobacco Should Be Illegal1472 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween 10 and 13 years old with one or more favorite cigarette ads were at least 50 percent more likely to take up underage smoking†(Wascher, Robert A. Smoking Advertisements Influence Teen Smoking). Because of the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement, which states tobacco companies will not target teens and preteens in their tobacco advertisements, companies have come up with creative ways to target a new generation of victims to their products. Tobacco companies are a business and in order to stay profitableRead MoreA Research Study On Drug Testing2147 Words   |  9 Pagesspecific drugs that may or may not be suited for their patient. Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK) developed an antidepressant Seroxat. This drug is used to treat depression and anxiety in individuals. Seroxat was bringing in a huge profit per year. However, more drugs were being developed at this time for adults with depression and anxiety causing a decrease in profit for GSK. This resulted in GSK looking for new ways to increase profits. GSK then began to target the child/adolescent population. GSK performed

Andragogy vs Pedagogy free essay sample

Education is the extension of educational opportunities to those adults beyond the age of general public education who feel a need for further education or training of any sort. Even though it has been around for some time, it is still a growing field in the US that hasn’t caught up to the education of children and younger adults. There is a set of principles for Andragogy, how adults learn and another for pedagogy, how children learn. This paper will look at one main theory of adult education and how the ideas are portrayed. It will also compare the pedagogical and andragogical approaches to highlight the differences between how children learn compared to adults and how these differences affect learning needs, preferences and the type of instruction received by both adults and children. The two different approaches will affect the instructional methods used for adults and children. The pedagogical approach assumes that â€Å"the learner enters into an educational activity with little experience that can be used in the learning process[1]† therefore they become what are called â€Å"dependent personality† who relies on the teacher for everything. In this scenario, the teacher is the dominant person who has all the knowledge, they make every decision regarding the teaching/learning process including all the learning needs, what and how knowledge is learned and the classroom becomes teacher-dominated. In this teacher-dominated classroom, there may be little input from the students and student would not work together to share ideas and information to promote creative and independent thinking. The learning needs of the students become secondary as â€Å"student achievement is at the forefront of teacher-centered curriculum, but teachers are driven to meet accountability standards and often sacrifice the needs of the students to ensure exposure to the standards. [2]† Therefore what you find in this classroom is â€Å"teacher talks, students listen†, â€Å"teacher asks questions, students answer† and the teacher will monitor, correct and evaluate all students’ work. The classroom with adults will look totally different as the andragogical approach assumes that â€Å"as a person matures, he/she accumulates a growing reservoir of experience that becomes a resource for learning. Adults tend to come into adult education with a vast amount of prior experiences compared to that of children. If those prior experiences can be used, they become the richest resource available. Adults tend to be actively involved in all decisions that occur in the learning environment herefore it creates a scenario where the role of the teacher shifts from the provider of information to resource personnel who provides input as needed. The teacher becomes more of a facilitator and the classroom is more student-centered where adults with their wealth of knowledge and experiences engage each other to share information and bounce ideas off each other as they try to solve problems. â€Å"Student-centered approaches derive from constructivist views of education, in which the construction of knowledge is shared and learning is achieved through students engagement with activities. Due to the fact that adults are more self-directed, they prefer to discover the information rather than rely on the teacher to present all the knowledge. Therefore from an†instruction† point of view, the teacher has to provide an engaging environment that will promote learning and the instruction would focus on many different learning styles and are adapted based on adult’s strengths, interests, knowledge and experiences. This flexibility promotes group activity or teamwork as the teacher may just need to ask a question and allow adults to come up with the solution as they are more task oriented or more in problem solving. The teacher will have to make sure that the information or knowledge is relevant to adults as they may choose to learn the material only if it is relevant meaning they will use the new information in some capacity in their daily lives. One of the main theories of adult education comes from Malcolm Knowles who is often credited for putting adult education and adult learning at the forefront because of the researches he did on the topic and many papers and books he wrote about it. His idea of how adults learn was based on five basic principles. These first is that the motivation for adults to learn is more intrinsic as they may have greater self esteem or need to learn to achieve a better quality of life. The second is that adults are more experienced and that experience can be useful in the learning process as it is a form of resource. The third is â€Å"self-concept: As a person matures his self concept moves from one of being a dependent personality toward one of being a self-directed human being[5]† meaning adults are independent and will not rely on instructor for everything. The fourth is that there is an increased readiness to learn information that may prove useful in their daily lives and fifth, adult become more task or problem solving oriented instead of learning by subject matter. The principles of how adults learn are presented in a way to highlight the differences between how adults and children learn. Everything was compared to the principles of pedagogy or how children learn to illustrate the difference in thinking, motivation and orientation to learning between adults and children. The most interesting part of the article was that Knowles used two opposing areas of psychology, Behavioral and Humanistic to help generate and support his theory. The pedagogical and andragogical approaches highlights major differences between how children learn compared to adults. Comparing both approaches shows that there is a difference in the level of experience, motivation, the readiness to learn and how they learn. It shows that children are more dependent on the instructor for all information while adults a more independent and will want to gather information on their own. Adults are motivated internally and driven by the need to make their better while children are motivated by grades and other external factors. These differences affect the type of instruction they receive as with children, the instructor may be dominant and control everything aspect of instruction while with adults, they acts as facilitators instead of the main provider of information. Malcolm Knowles Theory of andragogy identifies five principles that affect how adults learn. These are in contrast to how children learn and presented so the differences between how adults and children learn can be seen clearly. All the principles of andragogy can be used by individuals who work with adults to adjust the instructional strategies, methods and approaches in order to meet the diverse needs of adults.

Stakeholder and General Force Analysis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Stakeholder and General Force Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Three major recommendations for actions are developed for Kia Motors that can facilitate the company in attaining its strategic objectives long with sustaining its business growth (Arendt, 2015). However, it can also be said that there are certain vital differences between Kia Motors and Tesla Case that can have impact in the developed recommendations. It has been observed from analyzing the case of Tesla and Kia Motors that there are certain differences in the challenges faced by these two companies (Applegate, 2008). Tesla is observed to deal with issues related to affected success of its Model S electric vehicle. The car is facing competition from other major competitors because of its failed attempts in developing driverless cars and testing EVs (Cain, Cross Seigel, 2017). On the other hand, opposing the case of Tesla, Kia Motors is dealing with issues related with globalization challenges. The company is dealing with the challenge of less successful innovation in the segments o f developing eco cars, sub-compact crossover vehicles and capacity constraints . Based on such issues certain effective recommendations are provided to in order to help Kia Motors to attain sustainable advantage in the global automobile market (Chaffey, 2015). These three major recommendations are explained under: Improving global performance with an effective HR strategy- Kia Motors is recommended to enhance its performance through developing effective employee engagement strategy. This strategy can facilitate in enhancing employee morale as well as dealing with increased rate of employee turnover. The company must focus on putting this strategy in place through implementing innovative policies and practices aimed at enhancing employee engagement (Khan et al., 2016). Moreover, Kia Motors is also recommended to change the behavior of all its employees. This can further facilitate the company in supporting the strategy of raising the competencies as international maker in all the areas. Execution of such strategy must consider improving at least 10% of the survey feedback scores for the behaviors of line managers with respect to communication along with quality of appraisal feedback (Rigas, Ramchurn Bassiliades, 2015). Other strategy within this recommendation that must be considered by the co mpany includes decreasing employee turnover employment costs, for instance, recruitment expenses increases by 10% every year (Madsen Rodgers, 2015). New employee recognition programs must be developed by the company that can consider offering exceptional rewards to its employees along with Kia Thank You cards for attaining exceptional job performance. Effective sales strategy in attaining sustainable success- Effective sales strategy must be developed by Kia Motors in order to attain successful market expansion of its new car models (Madsen Rodgers, 2015). Before selling its products in the global market, it must take into consideration detailed understanding of local buyers along with their needs. New and modified must be launched by the company in order to attain increased target consumer attention. While selling its products in the international market, the company must make sure that it conducts overall evaluation of the market conditions. Kia Motors must consider the amount of money that the consumers have agreed to pay for its car models (Rao, 2018). As Kia Motors is dealing with intense competition from its business rivals, it is recommended to maintaining a proper balance between its consumers, process and the organization. In selling its car models, Kia Motors must implement a competitive pricing policy for the reason th at its product process remains marginally identical to the cars offered by its rival organizations. The company must focus its attention on its sales figure in comparison to its profits as it must consider the golden rule that higher volume might result in increasing profits (Rigas, Ramchurn Bassiliades, 2015). Developing effective supply chain strategy in meeting the new market needs- For attaining effective market expansion, Kia Motors is recommended to enhance its production capacity. This can be done through developing short and medium term new model plans. The automobile company is recommended to introduce new and improved B-segment SUVs that can be a successful cross-over style hybrid. The company must focus in serving a wide range of international market (Roh et al., 2015). This can be attained by the company through offering its services and selling cars have an effective and widespread distribution channel. This must encompass dealers n distributors based services spread all across the world. The company must also hire highly efficient workforce those are already trained in successful product selling skills (Rothaermel Zimmer, 2014). For making the supply chains highly efficient and competitive, Kia Motors must make sure that its cars are easily available at numerous showrooms tha t can be booked through online auto shopping portals (Shepherd Vardiman, 2016). Through making its supply chain effective it can enter emerging economies where Tesla is already operating in order to fill the gaps in its product offerings. Two Related and Measurable Metrics for Each Recommendation Two related along with measurable metrics for each recommendations offered to Kia Motors in measuring its improvement or progress in the global market are provided. These valuable metrics will facilitate the company in measuring the performance of all its implemented strategies (Wakene, 2016). The measurable metrics will be well defined, measurable, communicated properly all through the organization. It will also serve to be important in attaining the companys strategies and being applicable within the line of business (Porter 1983). Two measurable metrics for each recommendation focused on improving Kia Motors performance is explained below: Improving global performance with an effective HR strategy- Two most effective metrics that can be employed in evaluating the success of Kia Motors employee engagement strategy includes carrying out surveys and supervising the employee productivity (Cain, Cross Seigel, 2017). Employee surveys can reveal facts about employee perceptions, job satisfactions along with their overall engagement. This metric will evaluate whether the employees are aware of individual value to the team and are interested in advancing within the company. Employee engagement can be measured by Kia Motors through examining team along with individual productivity. Through using a goal setting software, business leaders might attain an insight regarding the ways in which employees are contributing towards organization wide aspiration (Cain, Cross Seigel, 2017). Effective sales strategy in attaining sustainable success- Performance of KIA Motors sales strategy can be evaluated through employing certain measurable metrics. This includes reviewing the actual sales objectives and goals and recognizing performance gaps between actual outcomes and sales goals (Khan et al., 2016). To check whether the original goals and objectives are addressed by the companys sales team the company must measure whether the sales team is effectively increasing the quality of consumer service. Checking whether the sales team is attaining the revenue based objectives of the company that will result in increasing prospective and cold calling. Another measurable metric focuses on explaining the ways in which sales target is attained or overachieved for its newly launched eco friendly cars (Khan et al., 2016). For instance, Kia Motors can measure sales goal through observing increased sales of eco-friendly cars by 15% at the end of the fourth quarter (Chowdhury, 2014). Moreover effectiveness of sales strategy can also be analyzed through analyzing the financial and sales reports for eco-friendly cars in comparison to the previously set sales goals. Developing effective supply chain strategy in meeting the new market needs: These metrics can prove to be effective in measuring the performance of Kia Motors supply chain strategy (Liu et al., 2015). Two major performance metrics include cycle time and consumer service level analysis. Efficiency and less time used by the supply chain in transforming the raw material within final products and time taken in reaching such products to the consumers can measure the success of its supply chain strategy. Consumer service level metrics can also be used in order to analyze the order fill rate, stock out rate, backorder level along with analysis of on-time delivery probability. Maximized level of these factors can indicate improved level of consumer service (Liu et al., 2015). Decreased lead times and optimized inventory levels can indicate improved consumer service. Data Collection and Use in Addressing Challenges A though and detailed evaluation that identifies the data types needs to be collected is necessary in analyzing the likely challenges faced by Kia Motors in implementing necessary recommendations. Moreover, the use of the recognized metrics can facilitate the company might deal with these challenges (Rakita, Madi? Markovi?, 2017). The likely challenges that can be faced by Kia Motors in implementing the recommended strategies are explained below: In implementing the recommended strategy of modifying supply chain, Kia Motors might deal with certain challenges related to cost control, planning and risk management (Wolfe, 2011). Operating costs might be experienced by the company in developing its supply chain for attaining competitive advantages (Cain, Cross Seigel, 2017). Another challenge that might be dealt by the automobile company is that certain risks might be available such as in global sourcing, new product launches and credit availability in safeguarding the intellectual property. Such risks must be recognized and quantified for controlling and dealing with them. Certain challenges might also be faced by Kia Motors in implementing the sakes strategy within the company. Such challenges can consider that the sales team of the company might get caught up within the intricacies of the decided strategy (Wakened, 2016). For this reason, they also fail to taken into account certain major aspects related with developing a successful sales team. Moreover, lack of transparency in the sales team regarding sales objectives might generate chances of favoritism along with fostering an efficient relationship between the management and sales team of Kia Motors. Some challenges can be faced by Kia Motors in implementing employee engagement strategy as a part of better human resource plan. Such challenges include establishment of appropriate metrics and dealing with inconsistent engagement level of managers in distinct level (Rakita, Madi? Markovi?, 2017). In case the managers those are involved in implementing the strategy within Kia Motors is not trained properly the employee engagement strategy might get implemented inconsistently that might result in employee disengagement and mistrust. Moreover in case suitable metrics is not developed, attainment of short term and long term skills advancement among the employees might get difficult. Failure to generate a system that distinguishes the high performers from average ones might result in increased number of employees getting highly rated in comparison to their performance merits. SMART Framework SMART Framework is implemented in Kia Motors Company in order to manage performances, developmental purposes along with carrying out personal analysis. Smart objectives set for the Kia Motors that can facilitate in attaining sustainable advantages for the company (Fritz Tessmann, 2018). SMART can be signified as the strategies developed by the company that can be considered as specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and tangible. Specific- Kia Motors must have an objective of energy efficient eco friendly cars that can provide tough competition to its business rivals like Tesla or Toyota that offers successful hybrid car models. Measurable- This objective is measurable for the reason that it can observe the growth of sales of its newly launched eco friendly cars in the global market (Garca-Villalobos et al. 2014). Measuring the efficiency of the cars based on its CO2 emissions, performance of its combustion engine and electronic motor hybrid system. Attainable- This objective is attainable through employing the research and development team of the company and developing an eco-friendly passenger car. The company will also be effective as it will have fuel, bio-fuel and hydrogen fuel cells (Jongejan, 2014). Realistic- Development of an eco friendly automobile and launching it in global market will serve to be a realistic objective as it can enhance environmental performance through having features like faster acceleration along with enhanced image. Time bound/Time effective- Time effective sustainable advantages can be attained by Kia Motors is increasing company profits along with attaining objective of sustainable mobility (Jussani et al. 2015). This is for the reason that the company will offer certain time bound advantages such as fuel efficiency along with maximum cabin space and compact design along with timely service delivery. References Stakeholder Analysis tool Applegate (2008) The living organization by Wolfe (2011) chapter 8 page 93-97. Arendt, C. (2015). A Tale of Two Crises: A Structurational-material Analysis of Forgotten Stakeholders.Iowa Journal of Communication,47. Cain, P. W., Cross, M. D., Seigel, R. A. (2017). Field Data and Stakeholders: Regulating the Commercial Harvest of Snapping Turtles in Maryland.Chelonian Conservation and Biology. Chaffey, D. (2015). How to define SMART marketing objectives.Smart insights,[online] Available at: https://www. smartinsights. com/goal-settingevaluation/goals-kpis/define-smart-marketing-objectives/[Accessed: 1 March 2015]. Chowdhury, S. D. (2014). Strategic roads that diverge or converge: GM and Toyota in the battle for the top. Fritz, M. M., Tessmann, N. (2018). Management of Conflict Minerals in Automotive Supply Chains: Where to Start from?. InSocial and Environmental Dimensions of Organizations and Supply Chains(pp. 153-169). Springer, Cham. Garca-Villalobos, J., Zamora, I., San Martn, J. I., Asensio, F. J., Aperribay, V. (2014). Plug-in electric vehicles in electric distribution networks: A review of smart charging approaches.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,38, 717-731. Jongejan, D. (2014).ONE-WAY TICKET TO DEVELOPMENT? An in-depth analysis on the stakeholders in the Colombian gold mining sector and their main challenges to convert the sector to a motor of development(Master's thesis). Jussani, A. C., Heer, A., Ibusuki, U., de Moura Crtes, C. (2015).Electric car and Porters five Forces: Marketing Positioning in the Automotive Industry(No. 2015-36-0486). SAE Technical Paper. Khan, A. R., Mahmood, A., Safdar, A., Khan, Z. A., Khan, N. A. (2016). Load forecasting, dynamic pricing and DSM in smart grid: A review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,54, 1311-1322. Liu, L., Kong, F., Liu, X., Peng, Y., Wang, Q. (2015). A review on electric vehicles interacting with renewable energy in smart grid.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,51, 648-661. Madsen, P. M., Rodgers, Z. J. (2015). Looking good by doing good: The antecedents and consequences of stakeholder attention to corporate disaster relief.Strategic Management Journal,36(5), 776-794. Porter (1983). Michael Porter categorizes the general forces that shape and influence industries. Rakita, B., Madi?, V., Markovi?, D. (2017). Competitive strategies of late followers in auto industry: case study Hyundai-Kia.Industrija,45(1), 121-146. Rao, S. (2018). Leveraging Global Value Chains to Bridge the Gap between Rural and Global Economies: Case of North Carolinas Appalachian Automotive Industry.Journal of Rural and Community Development,13(1). Rigas, E. S., Ramchurn, S. D., Bassiliades, N. (2015). Managing electric vehicles in the smart grid using artificial intelligence: A survey.IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,16(4), 1619-1635. Roh, J. J., Yang, M. G., Park, K., Hong, P. (2015). Stakeholders pressure and managerial responses: lessons from hybrid car development and commercialisation.International Journal of Business Information Systems,18(4), 506-529. Rothaermel Zimmer (2014) Tesla Motors Shepherd, I. J., Vardiman, P. (2016). The General Motors Ignition Switch Incident Viewed Through a Proposed Economic Impact Severity Index.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,17(1), 36. Wakene, G. T. (2016). A Critical Analysis Of Stakeholdersdiscourses On The Road Safety Problem In Ethiopia.

The Rebellion of American Colonies in the 18th Century

In the 18th century, North America had already been divided into 12 colonies. They stretched from New Hampshire in the west all the way down to South Carolina in the east. Before the struggle to independence, American colonies remained under the control of the England. King George III was the over ruler of the colonies as well as of England. But in 1776, the colonies came together and fought for their independence after rebelling against the British government (Davidson 90).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Rebellion of American Colonies in the 18th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rebellion was triggered by a number of reasons. The wanted to make their own laws, but the British government could not allow them. They realized that they could only make laws if they had a form of government which recognized their needs. Another reason for the political consciousness that led to the struggle for i ndependence is that the colonies wanted to expand their markets to other counties. They wanted to engage in trade partnership with other countries. However, the colonial government could not allow this to happen. In addition, the colonies were required to pay taxes to the colonial government. The taxes remitted were extremely high and this angered some of the colonies. The rebellion began during the last decade to independence. Protest against the British government took center stage. A key event that took place took place during this time of the rebellion was the seven year war. The war involved several powerful regions of the world at that moment including Europe, North America India, and West Africa. The war was triggered by disputes of interests between the colonists and colonialists. Britain was able to emerge victorious in the war. Another key event during this period of political consciousness was the stamp act of 1765. The British parliament back in England came up with a la w requiring British colonies to produce printed materials that only have revenue stamps from London. The stamp was supposed to be embossed on newspapers, magazines, and legal documents. The revenue collected on the printed documents was meant to pay the British troops that helped their country to win the seven day war. This law was met with resistance in most of the colonies. They argued that since they were not represented at the parliament when the law was being passed there was no need to support it. British manufacturers and merchants were also affected by this law and contributed to its resistance. The third key event during this period of political rebellion was the tea party. In 1773, the British government made a law that required all the colonies to pay taxes on tea. The new law also required every colony to send all the taxes to England further aggravating the protest against the colonial government.Advertising Looking for assessment on history? Let's see if we can he lp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The colonists fought against this law and in 1773, the famous Boston tea party happened (Davidson). This was not a real party but a protest against the law to pay taxes on tea. The colonist invaded a British ship carrying tea and threw everything in the water. This event is one of the most common protests against the British government in the history of America. The image below shows how Americans protesting the tea taxation invaded the ships and threw containers with tea into the water. After the famous protest, rebellion against the colonial government became more pronounced. Meetings were held by representatives from every colony to discuss their problems and issues. The meetings prepared a revolution (Ferling 45). Works Cited Davidson, James West. US: A Narrative History, Volume 1: To 1877. New York: McGraw Hill, 2008. Print. Ferling, John. A Leap in the Dark: The Struggle to Create the American Republic. New York: G reenwood Press, 2003. Print. This assessment on The Rebellion of American Colonies in the 18th Century was written and submitted by user Bella Franco to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Jean Paul Satre

Jean-Paul Sartre was born in Paris on June 21, 1905. He lived and wrote in France throughout most of his life. Sartre, famous for being an existentialist philosopher and writer, he attempted to combine the individualism of his existentialist work with a form of Marxism, which stresses the collective aspect of human existence. Existentialism views the individual as being unique and alone in an indifferent and sometimes hostile universe. In 1929, he graduated from the Ecole Normal Superieure, by which time he had met his life long companion, Simone de Beauvoir Until 1945, Sartre taught in various secondary schools, after which time he devoted himself exclusively to writing and editing the journal Les Temps Modernes. During W.W.II, he spent a year as a prisoner of war and was a key figure among the French intellectuals who resisted the Nazi occupation. Throughout his life, he has influenced millions of people and continues to do so even after his death in 1980.... Free Essays on Jean Paul Satre Free Essays on Jean Paul Satre Jean-Paul Sartre was born in Paris on June 21, 1905. He lived and wrote in France throughout most of his life. Sartre, famous for being an existentialist philosopher and writer, he attempted to combine the individualism of his existentialist work with a form of Marxism, which stresses the collective aspect of human existence. Existentialism views the individual as being unique and alone in an indifferent and sometimes hostile universe. In 1929, he graduated from the Ecole Normal Superieure, by which time he had met his life long companion, Simone de Beauvoir Until 1945, Sartre taught in various secondary schools, after which time he devoted himself exclusively to writing and editing the journal Les Temps Modernes. During W.W.II, he spent a year as a prisoner of war and was a key figure among the French intellectuals who resisted the Nazi occupation. Throughout his life, he has influenced millions of people and continues to do so even after his death in 1980....

Roman Army - Recruitment, Legions, Siege Warfare More

Roman Army - Recruitment, Legions, Siege Warfare More The Roman army (exercitus) did not start out as the superlative fighting machine that came to dominate Europe to the Rhine, parts of Asia, and Africa. It began like the part-time Greek army, with farmers returning to their fields after a quick summer campaign. Then it changed into a professional organization with long terms of service far from home. The Roman general and 7-time consul Marius is considered responsible for the change of the Roman army into its professional form. He gave the poorest classes in Rome the opportunity to be career military, gave land to veterans, and changed the composition of the legion. Recruitment of Soldiers for the Roman Army The Roman army changed over time. The consuls had the power to recruit troops, but in the last years of the Republic, provincial governors were replacing troops without the approval of the consuls. This led to legionaries loyal to their generals rather than Rome. Before Marius, recruitment was limited to citizens enrolled in the top 5 Roman classes.  By the end of the Social War (87 B.C.) most of the free men in Italy were entitled to enlist and by the reign of Caracalla or Marcus Aurelius, it was extended to the entire Roman world. From Marius on there were between 5000 and 6200 in the legions. Legion Under Augustus The Roman army under Augustus consisted of 25 legions (according to Tacitus). Each legion consisted of about 6000 men and a large number of auxiliaries. Augustus increased the time of service from 6 to 20 years for legionaries. Auxiliaries (non-citizen natives) enlisted for 25 years. A legatus, supported by 6 military tribunes, led a legion, composed of 10 cohorts. 6 centuries made a cohort. By the time of Augustus, a century had 80 men. The leader of the century was the centurion. The senior centurion was called the primus pilus. There were also about 300 cavalry attached to a legion. Contubernium of Soldiers in the Roman Army There was one leather sleeping tent to cover a group of 8 legionaries. This smallest military group was referred to as a contubernium and the 8 men were contubernales. Each contubernium had a mule to carry the tent and two support troops. 10 such groups made up a century. Every soldier carried 2 stakes and digging tools so they could set up camp each night. There would also be slaves associated with each cohort. Military historian Jonathan Roth estimated there were 2 calones or slaves associated with each contubernium. The Size and Organization of the Roman Imperial Legion, by Jonathan Roth; Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte, Vol. 43, No. 3 (3rd Qtr., 1994), pp. 346-362 Legion Names Legions were numbered. Additional names indicated the place where the troops were recruited, and the name gemella or gemina meant the troops came from the merger of two other legions. Roman Army Punishments One way to ensure discipline was the system of punishments. These could be corporal (flogging, barley rations instead of wheat), pecuniary, demotion, execution, decimation, and disbandment. Decimation meant one in 10 soldiers in a cohort was killed by the rest of the men in the cohort by clubbing or stoning (bastinado or fustuarium). Disbandment was probably used for mutiny by a legion. Siege Warfare The first great siege war was waged by Camillus against the Veii. It lasted so long he instituted pay for the soldiers for the first time. Julius Caesar writes about his armys sieges of towns in Gaul. Roman soldiers built a wall surrounding the people to prevent supplies from getting in or people from getting out. Sometimes Romans were able to cut off the water supply. Romans could use a ramming device to break a hole in the city walls. They also used catapults to hurl missiles inside. The Roman Soldier De Re Militari, written in the 4th century by Flavius Vegetius Renatus, includes a description of the qualifications of the Roman soldier: Let, therefore, the youth who is to be chosen for martial tasks have observant eyes, hold his head up, have a broad chest, muscular shoulders, strong arms, long fingers, not too extended a wait measure, lean hams, and calves and feet not distended with superfluous flesh but hard and knotted with muscles. Whenever you find these marks in the recruit, do not be troubled about his height [Marius had set up 510 in Roman measurement as the minimum height]. It is more useful for soldiers to be strong and brave than big. Roman soldiers had to march at an ordinary pace of 20 Roman miles in 5 summer hours and at a fast military pace of 24 Roman miles in 5 summer hours carrying a 70-pound backpack. The soldier swore an oath of loyalty and implicit obedience to his commander. In war, a soldier who violated or failed to carry out the generals order could be punished by death, even if the action had been advantageous to the army. Sources Polybius (c. 203-120 B.C.) on the Roman MilitaryTraining Soldiers for the Roman Legion, by S. E. Stout. The Classical Journal, Vol. 16, No. 7. (Apr., 1921), pp. 423-431.Josephus on the Roman ArmyThe Antiqua Legio of Vegetius, by H. M. D. Parker. The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 3/4. (Jul. - Oct., 1932), pp. 137-149.Roman Legionary Fortresses and the Cities of Modern Europe, by Thomas H. Watkins. Military Affairs, Vol. 47, No. 1. (Feb., 1983), pp. 15-25.Roman Strategy and Tactics from 509 to 202 B. C., by K. W. Meiklejohn. Greece Rome, Vol. 7, No. 21. (May, 1938), pp. 170-178.

Roman Army - Recruitment, Legions, Siege Warfare More

Roman Army - Recruitment, Legions, Siege Warfare More The Roman army (exercitus) did not start out as the superlative fighting machine that came to dominate Europe to the Rhine, parts of Asia, and Africa. It began like the part-time Greek army, with farmers returning to their fields after a quick summer campaign. Then it changed into a professional organization with long terms of service far from home. The Roman general and 7-time consul Marius is considered responsible for the change of the Roman army into its professional form. He gave the poorest classes in Rome the opportunity to be career military, gave land to veterans, and changed the composition of the legion. Recruitment of Soldiers for the Roman Army The Roman army changed over time. The consuls had the power to recruit troops, but in the last years of the Republic, provincial governors were replacing troops without the approval of the consuls. This led to legionaries loyal to their generals rather than Rome. Before Marius, recruitment was limited to citizens enrolled in the top 5 Roman classes.  By the end of the Social War (87 B.C.) most of the free men in Italy were entitled to enlist and by the reign of Caracalla or Marcus Aurelius, it was extended to the entire Roman world. From Marius on there were between 5000 and 6200 in the legions. Legion Under Augustus The Roman army under Augustus consisted of 25 legions (according to Tacitus). Each legion consisted of about 6000 men and a large number of auxiliaries. Augustus increased the time of service from 6 to 20 years for legionaries. Auxiliaries (non-citizen natives) enlisted for 25 years. A legatus, supported by 6 military tribunes, led a legion, composed of 10 cohorts. 6 centuries made a cohort. By the time of Augustus, a century had 80 men. The leader of the century was the centurion. The senior centurion was called the primus pilus. There were also about 300 cavalry attached to a legion. Contubernium of Soldiers in the Roman Army There was one leather sleeping tent to cover a group of 8 legionaries. This smallest military group was referred to as a contubernium and the 8 men were contubernales. Each contubernium had a mule to carry the tent and two support troops. 10 such groups made up a century. Every soldier carried 2 stakes and digging tools so they could set up camp each night. There would also be slaves associated with each cohort. Military historian Jonathan Roth estimated there were 2 calones or slaves associated with each contubernium. The Size and Organization of the Roman Imperial Legion, by Jonathan Roth; Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte, Vol. 43, No. 3 (3rd Qtr., 1994), pp. 346-362 Legion Names Legions were numbered. Additional names indicated the place where the troops were recruited, and the name gemella or gemina meant the troops came from the merger of two other legions. Roman Army Punishments One way to ensure discipline was the system of punishments. These could be corporal (flogging, barley rations instead of wheat), pecuniary, demotion, execution, decimation, and disbandment. Decimation meant one in 10 soldiers in a cohort was killed by the rest of the men in the cohort by clubbing or stoning (bastinado or fustuarium). Disbandment was probably used for mutiny by a legion. Siege Warfare The first great siege war was waged by Camillus against the Veii. It lasted so long he instituted pay for the soldiers for the first time. Julius Caesar writes about his armys sieges of towns in Gaul. Roman soldiers built a wall surrounding the people to prevent supplies from getting in or people from getting out. Sometimes Romans were able to cut off the water supply. Romans could use a ramming device to break a hole in the city walls. They also used catapults to hurl missiles inside. The Roman Soldier De Re Militari, written in the 4th century by Flavius Vegetius Renatus, includes a description of the qualifications of the Roman soldier: Let, therefore, the youth who is to be chosen for martial tasks have observant eyes, hold his head up, have a broad chest, muscular shoulders, strong arms, long fingers, not too extended a wait measure, lean hams, and calves and feet not distended with superfluous flesh but hard and knotted with muscles. Whenever you find these marks in the recruit, do not be troubled about his height [Marius had set up 510 in Roman measurement as the minimum height]. It is more useful for soldiers to be strong and brave than big. Roman soldiers had to march at an ordinary pace of 20 Roman miles in 5 summer hours and at a fast military pace of 24 Roman miles in 5 summer hours carrying a 70-pound backpack. The soldier swore an oath of loyalty and implicit obedience to his commander. In war, a soldier who violated or failed to carry out the generals order could be punished by death, even if the action had been advantageous to the army. Sources Polybius (c. 203-120 B.C.) on the Roman MilitaryTraining Soldiers for the Roman Legion, by S. E. Stout. The Classical Journal, Vol. 16, No. 7. (Apr., 1921), pp. 423-431.Josephus on the Roman ArmyThe Antiqua Legio of Vegetius, by H. M. D. Parker. The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 3/4. (Jul. - Oct., 1932), pp. 137-149.Roman Legionary Fortresses and the Cities of Modern Europe, by Thomas H. Watkins. Military Affairs, Vol. 47, No. 1. (Feb., 1983), pp. 15-25.Roman Strategy and Tactics from 509 to 202 B. C., by K. W. Meiklejohn. Greece Rome, Vol. 7, No. 21. (May, 1938), pp. 170-178.

Roman Army - Recruitment, Legions, Siege Warfare More

Roman Army - Recruitment, Legions, Siege Warfare More The Roman army (exercitus) did not start out as the superlative fighting machine that came to dominate Europe to the Rhine, parts of Asia, and Africa. It began like the part-time Greek army, with farmers returning to their fields after a quick summer campaign. Then it changed into a professional organization with long terms of service far from home. The Roman general and 7-time consul Marius is considered responsible for the change of the Roman army into its professional form. He gave the poorest classes in Rome the opportunity to be career military, gave land to veterans, and changed the composition of the legion. Recruitment of Soldiers for the Roman Army The Roman army changed over time. The consuls had the power to recruit troops, but in the last years of the Republic, provincial governors were replacing troops without the approval of the consuls. This led to legionaries loyal to their generals rather than Rome. Before Marius, recruitment was limited to citizens enrolled in the top 5 Roman classes.  By the end of the Social War (87 B.C.) most of the free men in Italy were entitled to enlist and by the reign of Caracalla or Marcus Aurelius, it was extended to the entire Roman world. From Marius on there were between 5000 and 6200 in the legions. Legion Under Augustus The Roman army under Augustus consisted of 25 legions (according to Tacitus). Each legion consisted of about 6000 men and a large number of auxiliaries. Augustus increased the time of service from 6 to 20 years for legionaries. Auxiliaries (non-citizen natives) enlisted for 25 years. A legatus, supported by 6 military tribunes, led a legion, composed of 10 cohorts. 6 centuries made a cohort. By the time of Augustus, a century had 80 men. The leader of the century was the centurion. The senior centurion was called the primus pilus. There were also about 300 cavalry attached to a legion. Contubernium of Soldiers in the Roman Army There was one leather sleeping tent to cover a group of 8 legionaries. This smallest military group was referred to as a contubernium and the 8 men were contubernales. Each contubernium had a mule to carry the tent and two support troops. 10 such groups made up a century. Every soldier carried 2 stakes and digging tools so they could set up camp each night. There would also be slaves associated with each cohort. Military historian Jonathan Roth estimated there were 2 calones or slaves associated with each contubernium. The Size and Organization of the Roman Imperial Legion, by Jonathan Roth; Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte, Vol. 43, No. 3 (3rd Qtr., 1994), pp. 346-362 Legion Names Legions were numbered. Additional names indicated the place where the troops were recruited, and the name gemella or gemina meant the troops came from the merger of two other legions. Roman Army Punishments One way to ensure discipline was the system of punishments. These could be corporal (flogging, barley rations instead of wheat), pecuniary, demotion, execution, decimation, and disbandment. Decimation meant one in 10 soldiers in a cohort was killed by the rest of the men in the cohort by clubbing or stoning (bastinado or fustuarium). Disbandment was probably used for mutiny by a legion. Siege Warfare The first great siege war was waged by Camillus against the Veii. It lasted so long he instituted pay for the soldiers for the first time. Julius Caesar writes about his armys sieges of towns in Gaul. Roman soldiers built a wall surrounding the people to prevent supplies from getting in or people from getting out. Sometimes Romans were able to cut off the water supply. Romans could use a ramming device to break a hole in the city walls. They also used catapults to hurl missiles inside. The Roman Soldier De Re Militari, written in the 4th century by Flavius Vegetius Renatus, includes a description of the qualifications of the Roman soldier: Let, therefore, the youth who is to be chosen for martial tasks have observant eyes, hold his head up, have a broad chest, muscular shoulders, strong arms, long fingers, not too extended a wait measure, lean hams, and calves and feet not distended with superfluous flesh but hard and knotted with muscles. Whenever you find these marks in the recruit, do not be troubled about his height [Marius had set up 510 in Roman measurement as the minimum height]. It is more useful for soldiers to be strong and brave than big. Roman soldiers had to march at an ordinary pace of 20 Roman miles in 5 summer hours and at a fast military pace of 24 Roman miles in 5 summer hours carrying a 70-pound backpack. The soldier swore an oath of loyalty and implicit obedience to his commander. In war, a soldier who violated or failed to carry out the generals order could be punished by death, even if the action had been advantageous to the army. Sources Polybius (c. 203-120 B.C.) on the Roman MilitaryTraining Soldiers for the Roman Legion, by S. E. Stout. The Classical Journal, Vol. 16, No. 7. (Apr., 1921), pp. 423-431.Josephus on the Roman ArmyThe Antiqua Legio of Vegetius, by H. M. D. Parker. The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 3/4. (Jul. - Oct., 1932), pp. 137-149.Roman Legionary Fortresses and the Cities of Modern Europe, by Thomas H. Watkins. Military Affairs, Vol. 47, No. 1. (Feb., 1983), pp. 15-25.Roman Strategy and Tactics from 509 to 202 B. C., by K. W. Meiklejohn. Greece Rome, Vol. 7, No. 21. (May, 1938), pp. 170-178.